What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission from…
Infection control in the ADC exam tests decision-making around exposure incidents, instrument classification, and decontamination protocols. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.
Dr Priya Sharma is a dental practitioner who has recently been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection. Her HBV DNA test shows a viral load of 150 IU/mL. She regularly performs surgical extractions and implant placements. A colleague advises her she should stop performing all dental procedures. Meanwhile, a new patient Mr Thompson discloses he is HIV-positive and requests a routine dental check-up. What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission from an infected patient to a non-immune HCW via a contaminated penetrating injury?
- A. Approximately 30%
- B. Approximately 3%
- C. Approximately 0.3%
- D. Approximately 0.03%
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Show the answer and cited explanation
HIV transmission risk via contaminated penetrating injury is approximately 0.3% (1 in 300). In comparison, HBV risk is approximately 30% and HCV is approximately 3%. In general, HCWs are at greater risk of acquiring infections than dental patients. (ICG pp.14-15)
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