ADC Practice Question — Practitioners with Infectious Disease

What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission from an infected patient to a non-immune HCW via a contaminated penetrating injury?

Infection control in the ADC exam tests decision-making around exposure incidents, instrument classification, and decontamination protocols. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.

Dr Priya Sharma is a dental practitioner who has recently been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection. Her HBV DNA test shows a viral load of 150 IU/mL. She regularly performs surgical extractions and implant placements. A colleague advises her she should stop performing all dental procedures. Meanwhile, a new patient Mr Thompson discloses he is HIV-positive and requests a routine dental check-up. What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission from an infected patient to a non-immune HCW via a contaminated penetrating injury?

A. Approximately 30%
B. Approximately 3%
C. Approximately 0.3%
D. Approximately 0.03%

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Sources cited

Therapeutic Guidelines v4 Odell's 3rd & 4th Ed IADT 2020 Code of Conduct CMS (Evans) Infection Control + more

Show the answer and cited explanation

Correct answer: C

HIV transmission risk via contaminated penetrating injury is approximately 0.3% (1 in 300). In comparison, HBV risk is approximately 30% and HCV is approximately 3%. In general, HCWs are at greater risk of acquiring infections than dental patients. (ICG pp.14-15)

Source: ICG Section A: BBV Transmission Risks

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Exam preparation FAQ

How should I prepare for Infection Control in the ADC exam?

Build competence across all topics. The exam tests application of guidelines to clinical scenarios, not memorisation.

How do I approach an unfamiliar Practitioners with Infectious Disease vignette?

Extract key clinical data from the stem before reading options. There are usually 3–4 critical variables that determine the correct answer.

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