ADC Practice Question — Testing After Exposure

If there is concern about potential HIV exposure, within what timeframe must post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) be initiated?

Infection control in the ADC exam tests decision-making around exposure incidents, instrument classification, and decontamination protocols. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.

Dr Ahmed Patel is performing a surgical extraction on Mrs O'Brien (62F). During the procedure, Dr Patel sustains a needlestick injury from a contaminated suture needle. The needle penetrated his glove and pricked his left index finger. A small amount of blood is visible. Mrs O'Brien's medical history is unremarkable and she is unaware of her BBV status. If there is concern about potential HIV exposure, within what timeframe must post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) be initiated?

A. Within 24 hours
B. Within 48 hours
C. Within 72 hours
D. Within 7 days

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Sources cited

Therapeutic Guidelines v4 Odell's 3rd & 4th Ed IADT 2020 Code of Conduct CMS (Evans) Infection Control + more

Show the answer and cited explanation

Correct answer: C

For an exposure to HIV, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) needs to be instituted within 72 hours of the sharps injury. Expert medical advice from an S-100 prescriber or infectious disease specialist is required. HIV PEP should ideally be administered within 24-36 hours after exposure. (ICG p.82)

Source: ICG Appendix: BBFE Protocol

Remy's study tip — The differentiator is usually the Spaulding classification level or the step order in a protocol.

Exam preparation FAQ

How do I approach an unfamiliar Testing After Exposure vignette?

Extract key clinical data from the stem before reading options. There are usually 3–4 critical variables that determine the correct answer.

How should I prepare for Infection Control in the ADC exam?

Build competence across all topics. The exam tests application of guidelines to clinical scenarios, not memorisation.

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If there is concern about potential HIV exposure, within what timeframe must post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) be initiated?

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