How do the post-exposure protocols differ, and which infection is more likely to be transmitted?
Infection control in the ADC exam tests decision-making around exposure incidents, instrument classification, and decontamination protocols. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.
Two dental workers sustain needlestick injuries from source patients: Worker A's source is hepatitis B positive, Worker B's source is hepatitis C positive. How do the post-exposure protocols differ, and which infection is more likely to be transmitted?
- A. Both infections are managed identically after needlestick
- B. Hepatitis B has a lower transmission risk than HIV
- C. Hepatitis B: higher transmission risk (~30% from HBeAg-positive source vs 0.3% for HIV)
- D. Hepatitis C is preventable by vaccination
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Hepatitis B: higher transmission risk (~30% from HBeAg-positive source vs 0.3% for HIV). If the worker is vaccinated and has documented immunity (anti-HBs >10 mIU/ml), no treatment is needed — the vaccine provides protection. If not immune: hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 72 hours PLUS accelerated vaccination course. Hepatitis C: lower transmission risk (~1.8%) but NO vaccine and NO post-exposure prophylaxis exists. Management is surveillance: HCV RNA testing at 4-6 weeks, antibody testing at 12 and 24 weeks. If seroconversion occurs, early antiviral treatment (direct-acting antivirals) achieves >95% cure rate. The key difference: HBV is preventable by vaccination, HCV is not
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