What is the most serious potential complication that…
Pharmacology questions in the ADC written exam test applied prescribing decisions, not rote recall of drug names. This exam-level vignette tests your ability to work through clinical details and arrive at the correct management.
Raj Patel, a 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of severe facial swelling and difficulty swallowing. He developed toothache in his lower left molar 5 days ago but delayed seeking treatment. On examination, he has marked bilateral submandibular swelling extending to the submental area, with a woody, non-fluctuant consistency. His floor of mouth is swollen and elevated, pushing his tongue upward. He is sitting upright, leaning forward, and appears anxious. Vital signs show temperature 38.2°C, pulse 110 bpm, BP 145/90 mmHg, respiratory rate 22/min, oxygen saturation 96% on room air. He is taking metformin, ramipril, and amlodipine. What is the most serious potential complication that could develop in this patient?
- A. Complete airway obstruction requiring emergency airway intervention
- B. Spread to cavernous sinus causing brain abscess
- C. Mandibular osteomyelitis requiring jaw reconstruction
- D. Necrotising fasciitis of the neck and chest
- E. Septic shock from overwhelming bacterial infection
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According to TG, Ludwig angina involves risk of airway compromise, and severe local features that indicate risk of airway compromise include difficulty breathing and swelling of floor of mouth.
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